Peppercorn Issues Essay

How will you analyze the data collected? How will you make sense of the situation at Peppercorn? This should probably take a majority of the class period, since how the consultants see the organizational issues will, in part, determine how the feedback process will be designed. Choosing a diagnostic/analytic model is no small issue. There is no evidence in the case that a particular diagnostic model is driving the data collection process (a potential problem), and there are at least two models that would work. First, the consultants could use an individual based model – such as the one described in Chapter 6. For each job at Peppercorn, the consultants could ask what their data reveals about task identity, skill variety, task significance, autonomy, and feedback in the context of Peppercorn’s structure. But this is a more limited perspective and not as good a choice. Second, and perhaps more relevant in this case, would be an organization-level diagnostic model such as the one presented in Chapter 5. Inputs: Based on their initial discussion with Drew as well as data from the interviews, we can see that the labor market has gotten very tight. It is more and more difficult to find workers and in particular student workers. This tightened market has forced the dining services unit and Peppercorn to increase the pay rates twice (although with little apparent effect). In a related category, we also know that a union represents full-time employees. It is this labor shortage that is driving many of the dynamics of the case. The primary customer, students with meal plans, suggests that there is little likelihood that price increases can be used to offset the labor scarcity. On a more general level, we know from data in the interviews that the food-service industry is known for its low wage levels and long and odd hours. Design Components. The observation and interview data provides some information on each feature of organization design. In some cases, there is much data of high quality while in other cases the amount of data (and its credibility) is thin. Strategy: The mission and goals for the university’s dining unit lays out their purpose and operating goals. There appears to be a broad interest in providing nutritious food, creating a good social and aesthetic atmosphere, and serving the economic needs of the university. The goals reflect this broad interest by addressing customer satisfaction, facilities quality, management excellence, financial management, alignment with the university’s mission, and industry leadership. There is little in the case suggesting that Peppercorn’s strategy is any different. Peppercorn, according to Drew, is trying address the difficult labor market by providing an enjoyable place to work although the consultants note a certain disconnect between what is said (decentralized and participative) and what is practiced (more centralized, less participative) based on their observations and interview data. Technology: The overall transformation process is moderately interdependent and fairly low on uncertainty. The key workflow issue seems to be the supply system. Supplies, in the form of food, aprons, cookware, and so on, are ordered through a computer system that isn’t working very well and resulting in frequent outages of different items. Since this process sits at the front end of the transformation process, its ineffectiveness is a key source of problems for the kitchen and service staff. In some way, the whole of Peppercorn is held hostage by this computer system. Once the raw materials have arrived, food is prepared – sometimes as much as a day in advance – according to meal plans and recipes that are well understood. [Although some of the cooks seem proud of their recipes and interested in creating new ones, do you really want people to be very innovative in this situation? In some ways, this conflicts with the situation.] The prepared meals are transferred to the serving line where customers (students) are provided with their food. One of the consultants notes that there was no portion control at this stage and that a considerable amount of â€Å"customization† existed as workers gave students a little more of some things or accommodated specific requests. After the meal, the leftovers, utensils and plates, and trash are fed into the dish room where plates and utensils are cleaned and recycled for use. Other processes also exist but are also relatively low in interdependence and uncertainty, including order taking, cash exchange, hiring and staffing, and grievance handling. Structure: A formal organization chart for both the university dining services and Peppercorn are presented in the case. Drew’s role is interesting because he leads two organizations – Peppercorn as well as the Salt Mill – and has a professional supervisor (Larry) that is assigned from the university dining organization. Larry’s relationship with the different employees draws some attention from the consultants and there is a mostly negative perception of Larry and his skills. The case also points out a rather complex set of employee relationships. There are full time employees (union- represented), full-time temporary employees (a non-union position that has been added to accommodate the problems associated with the declining numbers of student workers), and student labor. The students have their own management structure and supervise themselves as well as the full-time temporary employees (although these employees receive their training from the permanent staff) which has been the point of some contention. At best, it suggests that there may be two standards of work performance at play. At worst, there could be some very divisive resentment over preferential treatment. Measurement Systems: There is no information presented about how employee work is measured (goals set, performance monitored and feedback), there appears to be no portion control on food served, and no financial information is presented. There is mention of a grievance process, but no indication of grievance activity levels. If the computer system problems are added into this category, there would appear to be a pretty big hole in the sophistication of this system. Human Resource Systems: The interview data reveals a number of complexities in the way employees are paid through the union contract and the motivational aspects of that system. In the initial interview between the consultants and Drew, he describes how some workers can actually be incented to call in sick, for example. The case also mentions that wage rates have been increased twice in recent months to address the lack of student issues. Alignment and Effectiveness: Roger reports that customer satisfaction is consistently positive with the one complaint being the heat inside the facility – an apparent artifact of the dining room being built over the heating plant. There is no financial data presented, so we cannot comment on the profitability of the unit. There is, however, considerable data on employee satisfaction. There is a fairly consistent downward trend across many of the employees interviewed, although there is a high degree of tenure among many of the full-time employees. There is also fairly consistent data with respect to tensions between the different types of employees. Within that effectiveness assessment, can we make any inferences with respect to alignment among the organization design features? The presenting problem in the initial conversation between Drew and the consultants was a â€Å"hiring problem† and that has certainly been confirmed, the question is â€Å"why?† First, the strategy for Peppercorn does not seem clear. Other than some sense of â€Å"doing the best we can with what we have,† there are no clear goals for the restaurant and no clear sense of why people come there other than they have a meal plan. They are a fairly captive audience and there’s not much in the way of competition for Peppercorn. Does this suggest a lack of external pressure that translates into all the â€Å"things seemed pretty relaxed† comments in the case? Second, the computer system is a big problem, and probably not under Peppercorn’s control. The University dining unit probably programs and maintains the system. There is a potential big black hole here since we don’t know how the system works. The one potential issue here is that it may not be the system; it may be Larry, so that has to be confirmed. Third, how much of the tension in the restaurant is the result of the structure where students supervise adults. Understanding the rationale for this approach and what the alternatives are would be a fruitful conversation. Fourth, and related to the strategy– There appears to be very few measurement systems. How do employees know if they are doing well or poorly?

Monologue of a young boy Essay

*Kicks his football up against the house wall* I never used to be able to do this. I can do it now though obviously. Me and my dad spent a whole afternoon practising my kicking. â€Å"The side of your foot it goes long, the tip of your foot it goes high.† he would say. I never got what he meant at first. I could kick it far but not high. The first time I went to kick it high like dad told me to, I fell over onto my back. It really hurt. My eyes were watering but my dad always told me that big boys don’t cry. He grabbed the ball off me and booted it higher than my bedroom window! I can’t remember the last time me and dad spent the day together. He’s always working, or down the pub, or going out with his fancy bird Jenny. *George doesn’t kick the ball in time and it rolls behind him. He puts his finger up into the air* Emirates Stadium. Dad got us 2 tickets for the Arsenal v Man U match. Well 3 actually. Jenny came. She wouldn’t stop moaning! â€Å"David, I’m cold. David, how long until we can go home? David. David. David.† The moaning ruined it. She ruined it. The only time she shut up was when dad had his tongue half way down her throat. *Puts his fingers down his throat* BLERGH! He never used to do that with mom. They would always shout a lot. When I would go to bed I used to have to put my pillow over my head so I couldn’t hear them. It didn’t help. It sounded like I was under water and they were squawking like seagulls. *Shakes his head to get rid of the memories* She can do much better than dad. She’s really pretty and makes the best cheese on toast EVER! She puts that Worcestershire sauce on it. Mr Spink didn’t like it when he tried it though. Mr Spink is my teacher at school. He got a crush on my mom. When me and mom went to parents evening he kept giving her googly eyes. Mom didn’t like him that much. She was doing her â€Å"you’re a very nice man†¦.but no† face. While he was chatting mom up, I snuck off and changed the bell clock so it rang for the next parents to have their meeting. Mom noticed me by the bell as she left. She winked, took my hand and we walked to the car, not looking back at Mr Spink. â€Å"Cheeky Monkey.† She said to me as she got into the car with a smile on her face. I asked her if she fancied Mr Spink. She said I was as bonkers as Granny Cat Face. *Rolls his eyes* She’s dad’s mom. She’s really called Ermintrude but me and mom call her Cat Face because she’s spent so much time with her evil cats that her face always looks like a cat’s when it’s just drank some milk that’s slightly off. *Makes a face like Granny Cat Face’s. He scrunches up his mouth * We went round for Sunday dinner a while ago and she started trying to clasp one of those annoying teeny tiny flies that fly into your face in her big meaty hands. She looked just like a cat clawing a ball of yarn. Me and mom couldn’t stop laughing. We haven’t been invited back since. Mom’s making dinner now. Chicken nuggets, chips and beans. Mom doesn’t make fancy food. Dad used to moan about always having the same food. I don’t. I like chicken nuggets. Mom doesn’t seem to be as angry now as she was when dad was around. Her hair used to go all curly and her cheeks would go red but not now. Now she looks pretty and wears make up and has hair like David Beckham’s wife. *George’s phone vibrates. He checks his phone* Billy’s going to come and knock for me at 1 o’clock so we can go and play football round his. His big sister’s so cool. *Looks up at the camera then carries on kicking the ball* She’s called Kate and she’s 17. She spiked mine and Billy’s hair for us. Then she had to take some pictures of us for her beauty course. We started modelling in the garden for her. My foot got caught under one of the concrete slabs and I fell over. Billy’s sister took me inside, cleaned my cut and put a plaster on it. She said I was really brave and even the best models fall over at times. I don’t like Billy’s mom though. She makes me eat me eat vegetables when I go round and always asks how mom’s coping without dad and if they’re going to get back together. I hope they don’t. They weren’t very happy. It’s a bit sad not seeing both of them on my birthday but I get 2 lots of presents. And besides, mom said her and dad both love me but it’s just hard to stay together when you argue so much. *The door bell rings* Billy’s at the door so I better go. Don’t want to keep Kate waiting do I?

Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Narrative - Essay Example Every morning my parents went to work which was a walking distance from the apartment. That day there were clear orders from my parents that there is no going out to play with ice as it had become a daily routine since checking in the neighborhood, few days had gone by since arriving at the city, and we had become familiar with the other kids in the neighborhood. So it was a tendency to go out and play with the ice which to us seemed fun little did we know of the looming danger as it did to Johnson and Robert (20). The meteorological department had stated that there would be severe ice fall that day; the parent also insisted of the same but as kids everything that parents warns against is mere threats. As usual I called my now elite friends and set out to play. On a rather unusual occurrence, the streets, which were always busy, had little life over them, and the ice was falling a bit tenderly unlike what the weathermen had foreseen. Being the eldest in the buddy group, I walked in front and at some point made jokes on the weathermen claiming that they were just figures as their predictions never bore any fruits in most of the times. On this day, my younger brother who one would have confused to be my twin brother preferred to be left behind working out some arithmetic as it had become his usual fun. According to my memories, by the time we were out of the streets, ice was falling profusely, and one would feel the large ice balls falling. Being the ringleader, I encouraged my peers to keep up with the walk until we got to the hill section to begin the wondrous expenditures as usual just like in the reading by Perec, Georges and Bellos (23). Just like a king and their follows, my peers bow down to every suggestion that throbbed out of my immature mouth. Suddenly the ice blocks covered the way and ice was beginning to become glacier and was falling down the path. As the sage goes, he who laughs last laughs the longest and the loudest, hence being

Democratic Theorist Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Democratic Theorist - Assignment Example In his case, he illustrated that the main aspect of democracy is freedom. Aristotle vibrantly brings out the image of a politician to that of a craftsman. In his analogy, politics is said to be more dependent on practical knowledge, which discuss legislative issues while craft is more dependent on productive knowledge. In his perception, he considered artifact production to undergo four stages of processing such as material, formal, efficient and final to accomplish a shape of a vase. Contrastingly based on the constitution governing the citizen, he compares a lawgiver to a craftsman. In his understating of the fundamental formative problems of politics, he deliberates that; the legislature should establish and preserve good constitution in order to get final later (Talisse & Goodman, 2008). Even though he criticizes the democracy as an illegitimate constitution, he acknowledges that a case may need to ascertain a popular rule in politics. He later brought to our attention that, it is absolutely easier to establish a constitution than amending one, which already existing. Aristotle politics did not had minimal effects since it was being considered to defend the Greek city, by then considered already fallen due to conquest by kings. However, due to its effects of provoking discussion of political philosophy, it has remained influential in shaping up the nature of politics (Wallace, Ober & Raaflaub,

Management accounting and financial accounting Essay - 1

Management accounting and financial accounting - Essay Example This academic paper discusses as well the elements that allow them to serve a common purpose. Another focus of the study is determining the reason financial accounting is standardizing, while managerial accounting applications are highly variable. Financial accounting is the oldest approach to the accounting discipline. Bookkeeping the ancient form of record keeping is the base in which financial accounting in based on. Civilization established Before Christ (B.C.) such as the Greeks utilized bookkeeping to keep track of economic activity. The founding father of accounting was a mathematician of Italian decency called Luca Pacioli who mentored geniuses such as Christopher Columbus and Leonardo Da Vinci (Murphy, 2002). The accounting profession based on the accounting equation of Assets = Liabilities + Equity appeared in the middle ages (Weygant & Kieso & Kimmel, 2002). Financial accounting utilizes the foundation of the accounting equation in combination with the double entry system to record, track, monitor, identifies, communicates and analyze economic activity generated by a business entity or non-profit organization. The accounting cycle illustrated in appendix B culminates with the released of the four major financial st atements. The four financial statements (FS) released by corporations on an annual basis as well as the interim financial released quarterly are the income statement, the balance sheet, the statement of cash flow and the statement of retained earnings. This statement must be filed by public companies which are firms whose equity is trade publicly in stock exchanges such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) to meet regulations of the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) (Varian, 2003). Financial accounting serves the important purpose of providing timely information the user of financial information that allows the general public to make decisions in whether or not to

Noise is the enemy of communication Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Noise is the enemy of communication - Article Example Claude’s discovery has impacted the modern world since it is the basis of all communication that exists today. The challenge of noise had was a big limitation during World War II but he managed to solve the problem by developing a universal communication method where all people could understand one another. During the World War II, the military utilized radio communication, which was one of the factors that made the war push to all corners of the globe. There were significant advancements in Cryptography since I was necessary to send messages very fast and keep them secret. Airplanes were being used in the war and there was need to be able to detect them before they appeared in the horizons. Claude was designing a mechanism to perform this role. He was also determined to device a means of shooting down a plane immediately it appeared (Andrew, 2012). He managed to make a breakthrough but it was not useful since it was not accurate. The challenge made him and others think of information propagation after the war. He was torn between, radar signals, phone calls, television and videos since he wanted an accurate method of communication. Having a perception that noise was not favorable for communication, he was focused on storing and transmitting information that rejected noise. He knew that communication was equally challenging as mathematics and engineering and hence focused a lot on his mission. His basic idea was that any mode of communication should have minimal uncertainty for it to be effective. He understood that here being many languages, some words had a lot of meaning to some people than others. Shannon discovered that establishing various codes and symbols would solve the problem and people speaking diff languages could understand each other well. His discovery was a unifying factor since the world war involved different people and they had no common communication language. Shannon coding systems was based on reducing

Researching a decay (1990's movies) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Researching a decay (1990's movies) - Essay Example As pointed out, the popular culture during 1990s was entirely different from the past decade because the unexpected end of Cold War, the collapse of Soviet Union and the collapse of Berlin wall deeply influence the political/cultural scenario of the world. To be specific, the wartime sentiment and nationalistic mood transformed into cultural amalgamation and acceptance. But Chris states that â€Å"The accelerating integration of information and entertainment media meant that movies and television shows had become news themselves† (139). The popular culture reflects the aspirations and feelings of the mass and acts as a safety valve which reflects the cultural characteristics of a society. Within this context, the popular culture during 1990s set itself free from political stance and transformed into multiculturalism. In short, popular culture during 1990s reflected the change in international politics and reflected the same within culture. The most important characteristic of movies during 1990s was hyperrealism. Within this context, the main characteristics of hyperrealism can be broadly classified into three: intervention, identity, and space and time. Hyperrealism in 1990s can be simply defined as the dilemma which leads to virtual real illusion. To be specific, the films in 1990s are interconnected with hyperrealism. Martin opines that â€Å"The use of terms such as ‘simulation’, virtual reality’ and ‘hyperrealism’ in the criticism of news media is often confused and imprecise† (141). The individual (say, the hero) who is able to experience hyperrealism can act the role of a channel between virtual and real worlds. This is the most important characteristic of hyperrealism, which influenced the scenario of cinema in 1990s. The other characteristics of hyperrealism in 1990s include: Within this context, the film The Matrix (1999) is one of the best examples of hyperrealism

Leadership, Power and Corporate Strategy Research Paper

Leadership, Power and Corporate Strategy - Research Paper Example In other words, organizational culture refers to the basic beliefs and aims of any organization, and how all the work and purposes of that organization will revolve around those beliefs and aims. The key to a strong organization lies in developing their organizational culture, such that it is unique to each organization, yet commonly understood by all members within the organization (Parker, 200). This basically means that every person in the organization should have a clear idea of what they are working for, what their core beliefs as a member of the organization are and what is the main purpose of the firm. It is clear however that these beliefs and strategies are not developed on their own. Any successful organization will find itself headed by a leader who has a clear vision of the purpose and future of their organization, and who does their best to instill this vision in the members of their organization (Kotter and Heskett, 192). Strong organizational culture is developed by organizational members in leadership positions, whether or not they are the founding members of that organization. The success of any organization lies in the hands of their leaders and in how successful those leaders are in developing this organizational strategy and culture. Consider for example the organizational culture and strategy of Apple Inc. Founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, the company initially started out as a computer technology organization, but over time developed into an organization focused more on consumer retail goods. Apple is both famous and infamous for its highly publicized organization culture, accredited highly to Steve Jobs, both in its success and its infamy. Apple Inc. enjoys a highly unique organizational culture, varied in its style from almost any of its time. The aims of the company are straightforward and simple: the company

English Poetry and of Mice and Men Exam Practice Essay Example for Free

English Poetry and of Mice and Men Exam Practice Essay what to look for in poetry †¢tone †¢pace †¢mood/atmoshere †¢themes/ideas †¢imagery †¢techniques, why woman work and overheard in country Sligo differences- ââ€" ªwoman work-very busy mood and atmosphere-because of the rhyme! reflects everything she has to do ââ€" ªOverhead-calmer, more relaxed, slow pace!-reflects here quite country irish life. the women themselves are different, one busy one maybe too similarity- †¢neither women feel like they have a lot to call their own †¢woman work talks about she can only call nature her own-star shine, moon glow/your all that i can call my own †¢overheard-says how she wanted her name in a book or on Angelou-implies stage, didnt get what she wanted i ought to feel happy-implies she should but doesnt †¢both spend their time doing house work The poem, Woman Work by Maya Angelou shows how busy life can be for a black woman in southern american, and the general mood is very busy, with the use of rhyming giving it a quick pace, reflecting on her life. It also highlights how she doesnt feel like she has a lot to a call her own in life, implying everything she does is not for self. The poem, Overhear in County Sligo shows the life a married woman in rural Ireland and the poem has a much calmer mood and slower pace reflecting the quiet she lives. It talks about dreams that the woman once had, and how maybe shes not as happy with her lot in life. I find my face in the glass/I ought to feel Im a happy woman this stands out to me in this poem as I think it provokes very strong emotions and empathy towards the woman, by showing how unhappy and unfulfilled she feels. One of the main differences between these two poems is the pace and mood. Woman Work has a much a quicker pass and busier mood whereas Overheard in County Sligo is much slower and more relaxed. In Woman Work Angelou uses short lines and a rhyme, to give the poem a quick pass. Reflecting on how busy life may be for the woman. Angelou writes, Ive got the children to tend / the clothes to mend. These lines are quite short, and the pace implies that the woman has to do all the work and has a lot of responsibilities. The use of the word tend also makes looking after the children sound like a very tedious thing and almost chore like, implying that she feels she many other and maybe more important things to be doing. In Overheard in Country Sligo the mood is much calmer and the slower pace gives a relaxing mood. Clarke writes, with a field of cows and a yard of hens this line, like the majority in the poem is quite longs and has a slow pace when reading, this may have been done to reflect t he womans lifestyle, and the poets use of describing the countryside makes life seem very calm and idyllic, almost as If the woman doesnt have a lot she has to rush for. One the main similarities in the poems is the impression that neither women have much that they feel they can call their own. In Woman Work, Angelou writes, star shine, moon glow/your all that I can call my own this shows that she doesnt feel that she has much she can call here own, implying that all the work she dos is not for herself, but for others. The uses of the words shine and glow to describe nature, implies that natures is possibly the one calm and beautiful thing in here life. In Overheard in Country Sligo, Clarke writes, or have my name printed in a book/to see my thoughts on printed page this implies that the woman had bigger dreams than of getting married and I think the use of the phrase my name printed shows that she wanted to have something that belonged to her and that showed everything she thought or did. I also think the fact that she states I married a man from County Roscommon shows that she may feel little belongs to here or has her name on, and that maybe she f eels that shes living a life for here husband and not for her self. Another similarity in the poems is that both women spend their time doing house work and chores. In Woman Work, Angelou lists off everything the she has to do with her day. Angelou writes, the floor to mop/the food to shop this makes her work seem very tedious and mundane and Clarke gives the similar impression about work in Overheard in County Sligo, when she writes and polish the lustre and brass,/to order and dust the tumbled rooms. She makes does not make work sound very interesting or something that she enjoys. However a subtle difference between the two is that Clarke makes the womans work seem very monotonous or as if she has to force herself to it, whereas in Woman Work, work seem to be very hectic and rushed. Valentine by carol ann Duffy and †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ by w h Auden plan- †¢valentine- its very personal shes writing it to her lover, shown by using i and you- personal pronouns †¢funeral blue- it seems more like hes declaring his feeling, attitude, instead of referring to the dead lover thus effects the mood. †¢valentine- onion represents love but also link s to the future, time continues †¢funeral- wants time to end, no future †¢love stays with you, nothings the same when it ends Valentine by Carol Ann Duffy is about giving an onion as a gift on valentines day, to represent love, the poet is tired of meaning less clichà © gifts and whats to give something truthful and poetic instead. She talks about every thing that the onion represents and what love entails, and the overall mood is very personal and uplifting, as if she was directly addressing a lover. Funeral blues is about life now that a lover is dead, and how its so difficult to understand how things can go on in life, but the fact that he uses a rhyme lighten the pace and shows that for others life will go on as normal. This poem seems more like the poet making a statement and has a very powerful, but sad mood as you realise how deviating a lose it is to the poet. One of the main differences between the poems is the tone and mood that they sets. Valentine, is very personal, it implies through the use of the personal pronouns, you and i that its supposed to have a more personal and intimate feel. Duffy shows this when she writes, I give you an onion./its fierce kiss will stay on your lips,/possessive and faithful, she uses very powerful words such as fierce and possessive which create a more passionate and powerful mood, giving a reader a string sense of her love for this person. Funeral blues however has a different tone and mood, it seems a lot less intimate ad personal but more like the poet trying to declare their pain to everyone, instead of referring to the lover in a personal way, he uses 3rd person as if hes telling others, not speaking to the dead lover. Auden shows this when he writes he was my north, my south, my east, my west,. This line is very strong and again reflects the sense of declaration that i think sets the mood throughout the poem, and the use of he makes it feels like a statement that everyone should here, which differs to the personal account given by Duffy. Another difference in the poem is the theme. Valentine talks about promise and future, where as in Funeral Blues it seems like the poets cant believe there is a future and that life can still go on. Duffy shows this theme of future in several different ways, one being when she writes Its platinum loops shrink to a wedding-ring, this line implies that she can imagine future with her lover, and the phrase, if you like implies that they can make what they want of life, and that again theres a future. Contrastingly in funeral blues Auden implies that he can no longer see a future know that hes alone, and nothing is worth while, this is show mainly in the final stanza,pour away the ocean, and sweep up the wood. implying that everything seems pointless in life and he can no longer appreciate the beauty in the world. One similarity between the poems is the idea that love is every powerful and stays with you no matter how it ends. Duffy shows this in Valentine in the final stanza, when she uses the strength of an onions smell as a metaphor for love staying with you, Its scent will cling to your fingers. The use of the word cling in this line is very powerful and helps to show the level in which love stays with you, implying its hold over a person is very strong. Auden shows love in a similar light in Funeral Blues, he writes, for nothing now can ever come to any good implying that love has changed everything, the way he perceives things and does things, showing like in Valentine the power love has over a person. Look closely at the text, what does it real about georges character, how does he behave and speak? plan- †¢george, it shows hes aware of the prejudice towards Lennie-feels the need to lie about why they travel together. †¢gets angry with Lennie, makes his life more difficult, doesnt always appreciate or is aware of the trouble george goes to. †¢hes quite quick and sharp, he responds well to question, knows the right things to say The extract reveals quite a lot about Georges character. It shows that George as quite a sharp and intelligent character, who seems to be able to say the right things. Steinbeck shows this when he write, george broke in loudly. oh! I aint saying hes bright. He aint. but hes a god damn good worker. This implies that george is very quick and sharp, hes very aware of the right things to say. The fact that Steinbeck also uses quite sharp short sentences here when Georges is speaking helps to show Georges thought proses and you can see him thinking about the thing the boss night want to hear. The extract also reveals that Georges character is very aware of the prejudice towards Lennie, and wants to do what he can protect Lennie as well as ensure them a job. He does this by not allowing Lennie to talk, and explaining why he may not come across as smart because he got kicked in the head by a horse when he was kid. This also implies that george doesnt share everyone elses prejudice towards m ental disabilities, or at least not Lennies. In the extract Steinbeck also represents george as having a short temper at times, especially regarding Lennie. Steinbeck shows this when he writes be a damn good thing if you was, george said viciously save everybody a hell of a lot o trouble. this gives the impression that George finds moving around with Lennie very frustrating, maybe because he knows that Lennie is always aware appreciates everything george does, and hes knows how much easier things would be if Lennie wasnt there. the use of the word viciously reveals a lot about Georges character and shows that he is capable of being quite vastly and powerful when he losses his temper. How the Steinbeck present slims character in the extract? Plan- †¢made to seem very friendly ad welcoming-his tone was friendly, it invited confidence without demanding it. †¢deep, wise, understanding, smart-his slow speech had overtones of not thought, but of understanding beyond thought — not like other ranch workers †¢impressive, strong. — He was the prince of the ranch, capable of driving, ten, sixteen even twenty mules with a single line. — Just the length of Stienbecks destruction makes him seem more impressive. †¢authoritative-all talk stopped when spoke. his authority was so great his word was taken on any subject. be it police or love in extract Steinbeck presents slim as being very different to your typical ranch worker at the time and shows many aspects of slims character. one being that he seem very strong and impressive, Steinbeck shows this when he writes, he was the price of the ranch, capable of driving, ten, sixteen even twenty mules with a single line this show how strong he is but steinboks use of increase figures makes him seem more impressive and as if hes strength has no end. the length in which steinbok writes about slim also emphasise how impressive a character he is. In the extract Steinbeck also presents slim as being a very deep, understanding and smart character. Steinbeck writes, his slow speech had overtones not of thought but of understanding beyond though. This implies that slims is a very deep character, whos understanding is far beyond that of other ranch workers. slim is also made to seem very authoritative in this extract. one of the ways in which steinbok shows this is when he writes h is tone was friendly, it invited confidence without demanding it. this shows slims character as being very friendly, but also as very reasonable and welcoming. the use of the word confidence also highlights that slims a character who is able to better others and confident that jet simp;y being around him enables others to be more open and confident. Finally Steinbeck shows slims slim authority. He does this when he writes, all talk stopped when he spoke. His authority was so great his word would be taken on any subject wether it be politics or love this quote highlights every aspect of slims character and the way people view him, it reinforces the fact that he is wise and knowledgeable ,as well as showing his power and straight over others. How does Steinbeck create mood and atmosphere in the extract? plan- †¢peaceful and innocent, sets the mood through describing cureless wife †¢quite, time stops Steinbeck creates mood and atmosphere in the extract through describing how quiet it is in barn. He describes how things change, and the way he looks at light gives a very calm and almost magical atmosphere. the sun streaks were high on the wall by now, and light was growing soft the makes everything seem very bright and the uses of the word soft creates a magical and beautiful atmosphere which helps to reflect upon how Curleys wife is portrayed know she is dead. Steinbeck also creates mood in the extract with the line and sound and movement stopped for much, much more that a moment, the reinforces the magical and peaceful atmosphere in this scene, and the use of the word stop makes the reader themselves pause and think about for a moment, creating a very deep and more effective mood. Steinbeck also creates mood in this extract through his description of Cruleys wife, and the meanness and the planning and the discontent and ache for attention were all gone from her face. this line m akes the reader feel a sense of the pain she felt when she was a live, but by referring to her pain Steinbeck also creates a stronger sense of freedom and relief now that see has died. the phrases gone from her face, also allows the reader to picture the scene and what she might look like creating a more real atmosphere. what to include- †¢context- the time †¢themes †¢tracking †¢what happens †¢quotes †¢conclusion For which character do you have the most sympathy for? Show how Steinbecks presentation of your character creates sympathy. plan- ââ€" ªcurelys wife ââ€" ªprejudice- i cant tai to know body but curly, jailbait, tart ââ€" ªloneliness-think i dont like to talk to nobody ever once in a while ââ€" ªunhappy marriage think Im gonna stay in that 2 by 4 house and listen to how curley gonna lead with his left ââ€" ªamerican dream-i could have been in the pitchers, failed know shes with curley ââ€" ªsymplahy in beauty in death, reveals hr pain ââ€" ªthe way she confided in lennie i dont like curley he aint a nice fella i have the most sympathy for curleys wife in the novel as i think that she has had a lot of disappointment and hardship in her life. one way in which stienbeck creates sympathy for her character is through showing her loneliness and how unhappy she is in her marriage. she does not seem happy or in love with curley, or the new life she has to lead to on the ranch, and her marriage is the main reason shes so lonely, it has meant shes isolated on the ranch, think Im gonna stay in that 2 by 4 house and listen to how cureless gonna lead with his left. and the fact that she doesnt seem to anything common with curley and hes quite self pbsored means she doesnt feel happy. and when she confides in lennie by saying i dont like curley, he aint a nice fella it generates sympathy by showing how unhappy she is about her life, and the fact that she says he aint a nice fella almost makes her appear trapped. the way she is treated by the other ranch workers also generates sympathy, as it makes her s eem very unwanted, as most of the ranch workers judge her harshly, and shes accused of being a tart and jailbait. the ranch workers attitudes towards her also shows the prejudice women faced at the time, and the fact that shes is a married women means no one should be talking to her, and shes expected to stay in the house and conform to society in the 1930s. one of the main ways in which Steinbeck creates sympathy for her character is through the way she is presented in death. he describes her as young and pretty, and the emphases he puts upon how all the plottig and meanness left her, and she looked so a peace, made all the pain shed felt in life very real. her american dream also generates sympathy, as it shows the hard ship and disappointment shes had to face in a life, but the she also deep down thinks she might get there some day. it shows the sort of life she desired and in a way that might have made her new life on the ranch harder to face. How does John Steinbeck presentation of George throughout the novel affect your feelings towards him? In this essay I will explore the presentation of George throughout the novel. One of the ways in which Steinbeck presents George is as a caring man. This is largely show through his parental attitude towards Lennie. He is shown to care about out Lennie and tries to keep him out of trouble even though he does not actually have any obligation to. This is shown during the first chapter when we see George take a lot of responsibility for Lennie, carrying his things â€Å"think I’d let you carry your own work card† and generally looking after him . This factor affected my feelings towards George, especially as during the time it was not normal for one man to care so much for another, especially ranch workers, as shown when slim finds out they travel together, â€Å"I never seen one guy care so much for another†. However George is shown to lose his temper with Lennie on several occasion, an example being in the first chapter when Lennie asks for ketchup, â€Å"you alw ays want what I ain’t got†, showing how difficult life can be for George traveling with him. This generates some sympathy towards George for me as it again shows how he puts up with Lennie because he loves him, even though he knows how different his life could be if he travelled alone. George’s attitude towards the American affected my feelings towards his character as well, especially as we saw it develop throughout the novel, and there are three main points that show how he feels towards the American dream. The first being when he is telling the story of their farm to Lennie, he interrupts himself and says â€Å"I ain’t got time for no more†, I think this shows that sometimes he gets caught up in this story, showing how much he longs for it but that deep downs knows how near impossible it is to achieve. The second point that I think is key to Georges attitude towards the American dream is when candy offers to give them the money. We see how excited George is when he says â€Å"we’ll do her†, this point affected my feelings towards him as it shows how much he wants the dream and gave me a sense of Georges happiness. I think that the main point regarding George’s attitude towards the dream was after candy had shown George Curley’s wife’s body, it’s during this scene we see how the dream was always really something for him and Lennie, and if he can’t do it worth Lennie it seems he doesn’t want to do it at all. All of these points really impacted my feeling towards as it generates a lot of emotions such as joy and sympathy towards George. How is the relationship between Curley and his wife important to the novel as a whole? plan- †¢shows that during the time relationships werent always based on love †¢prejudice- Curley doesnt let his wife talk to others †¢loneliness-shows that even though your wit someone you can still be lonely- happiness †¢their relationship is not close, this causes cureless wife to stray to talk to others, talk to Lennie Loneliness is at the heart of the novel, to what extent do you agree with this? Show how Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship in of mice and men? plan- †¢presents it as rare- ranch workers, time †¢presents it as brief and fragile †¢presents it through candy and dog †¢lennie and george †¢maybe look at slim being v. understanding and friendly and curly not trusting new people. Steinbeck presents the theme of friendship is several different easy throughout the novel. Steinbeck presents friendship as rare throughout the novel, during the 1930s male friendship between ranch workers was very rare, one point when this is show is when the ranch boss say i never seen one guy take so much trouble for another, implying that friendship between men is a very rare thing, and that workers may prefer to to keep to themselves. the rarity of lennie and georges friendship is also shown through several statements implying that they can not just be friends, for example when george and lennie meet curley as well as the boss they are questioned about the motives of their friendship. as well as presenting friendship as rare, Steinbeck also presents it as fragile, as we see the two major friendships end, candy and when his dog is shoot and lennie and george, when george kills lennie. The characters are powerless do you agree i do not agree all the characters are completely powerless, how ever in some ways the majority of them are for- Lennie †¢stronge †¢cant control him self, relies on others, mental illness. -Curleys wife †¢prejudice, Curley controls her -slim †¢powerful

Hurricane Katrina Disaster Response Essay Example for Free

Hurricane Katrina Disaster Response Essay Bureaucratic/hierarchical model is a kind of organizational management wherein all the members of the organization contribute for the achievement of its purpose which is to give the best possible performance. It has rules and regulation which the members followed. and the personnel took orders from the top. The advantages of bureaucratic/hierarchical model include the following: its power and technical system is implemented by means of its rules and regulations; these rules are well-defined and managed fairly which are the reasons why members and clients agree and measure up to its authority. It has rights and benefits or privileges which serve as a protection to its members as well as its clients, regardless of their status. Bureaucratic/hierarchical model has the capacity to work efficiently and effortlessly, giving power to the people to operate in a synchronized or harmonized way. However, bureaucratic/hierarchical model has its disadvantages as well, and these are the following: agreement or conformity is not always appreciated due to the fact that this may hinder or impede the capacity to attend and respond to events that has not been encoded into their system of rules and regulations; it has the tendency to build a conspiracy or plot among its members; also its administrator has the tendency to become more occupied in maintaining the official form that they lose sight of their original main purpose. Meanwhile, the network model is a kind of organizational management composed of independent people and group that operate in many levels, has links across boundaries, and worked together for a common purpose. It has multiple leaders, and its members meet occasionally. The main purpose of the network model is to provide quality services to its clients through high degrees of informal communications via worldwide web. Because of this purpose, numerous advantages can be derived from networking. First of all, it provides a faster proliferation of information and other related announcement between those at sharp-end and those who support them. It enables members to render high quality services through the various skills and capacity of their teams wherever and whenever the need arises. Technical wise, network can still operate even in cases of natural disaster thereby lessening disruption as it can adjust accordingly. However, as much as this model has numerous advantages, it also has its disadvantages. Among them are: the lack of hierarchy does not always ensure quality services; the fact that since the people involved in this model has less chance of meeting, in cases of any trouble or problem, it takes longer for them to coordinate; and although they have high tech equipment plus the capabilities to operate these equipments, it does not guarantee of reliability in instances of electricity crisis and disasters. Wise (2006) proposed implementing an â€Å"adaptive management† approach for disasters to solve the solution to the above mentioned management model. Adaptive management is a kind of management which makes use of the combination of science and management, and its approach is based on the new information they have acquired. Their approach of management starts with having meeting with members and personnel to discuss the problem and discuss their plans. They will then create a group who will monitor and study the facts and figures, as well as inform their leader about the results of their study. This not only helped solve the problems but at the same time provide an opportunity for organizational learning to all the people involved. The process in adaptive management model includes the following: they first identify the worries and reservations regarding the matter at hand; after which the leader, together with his personnel launched ways or means to test the proposition and suggestion regarding the matter or problem. The last step they take is; after thorough study and consultation with all the personnel concerned, they will then proceed to change their system for a new one which they believe will accommodate for better handling and solving of the matter or problem at hand. Given the Hurricane Katrina scenario, if the adaptive management approach is applied from day 1 when Hurricane Katrina is still in Category 1, the authorities assigned to the disaster division of the government would have lost no time in conducting an emergency meeting to discuss contingency plan with regards to the approaching typhoon. They would have studied and discussed all the angles and possibilities in case the typhoon gained strength. After that, the authorities would improvise plans on safety measures for the public, and formed groups who will monitor the status of the typhoon, the course of its travel 24/7, and update the head of the department from time to time. When one levee collapsed, the authorities would have been able to prevent other levees to collapse because the adaptive management model is more suitable to utilize in case of emergencies like what happened at the height of Hurricane Katrina. As a conclusion, this student recommends the use or application of adaptive management approach for the Hurricane Katrina. For one, this approach is more accurate and reliable since it is more updated due to the continuous training of the manager and personnel of organization with this approach. They possess high technology equipment that proves to be more accurate, and their personnel have the skills and capabilities to handle these equipments that will surely save time in responding to emergencies and disasters. All these aspects will surely be more proficient in handling emergency situations as they lead to better and fast coordination, that can save life better and faster than when bureaucratic/hierarchical model and network model is employed. Bibliography Brown, T. L. and Potoski, M. (2003). Management capacity in municipal and county governments. Public Administration Review. 63(2). Business system-the bureaucratic model. (2008). Business Open Learning Archive. Retrieved March 18, 2009, from The Business Open Learning Archive database. Wise, C. R. (2002). Organizing for Homeland Security. Public Administration Review 62, 131 – 144.

Arguments For And Arguments Against Democracy Politics Essay

Arguments For And Arguments Against Democracy Politics Essay There are many benefits or arguments that are for democracy; since the ample population is given rights and autonomy. A very important characteristic that leads to being a benefit of democracy is that it allows citizen from all walks of life to participate actively in the political proceedings of their homeland. However, there are arguments against (disadvantages of) democracy also. One of the main defects in the idea of democracy is that the authority given to the masses can also be distorted, made improper use of and become the tyranny of the ample/ majority. This can become a double-crossing issue in democracy. Benefits of Democracy It has been noted that most countries in todays era believe in the ideology of democracy and in its various theories. Some of the most powerful and advanced countries believe in democracy and follow democratic peace theory. Followers of democracy also argue that it is better to have the tyranny of the majority rather than tyranny of the minority. A research by Diplomatic Changes in the Government Democracy can offer adjustments in government without antagonism. In a democratic government, power can be moved from one party to another through the method of elections. The authority that is the hands of citizens or general public of a nation makes the decisions for its ruling power. Avoidance of Monopoly In addition, any government is restricted to an election term after which it has to compete against other parties to recover supremacy. This mean avoids monopoly of the controlling party. The reigning establishment has to make sure it operates effectively for its citizens as it cannot continue being the power unless the people re-elect the same government to come to term again. A Sense of Appreciation This instills a sense of accountability towards the people. The ruling party owes their triumph in winning the elections and coming to authority to the citizens of the country. This brings about a sense of appreciation towards the people. This appreciation can help play a role in the governments motivation to function for citizens as it is because of the votes and trust of the citizens that the party has power to rule. Sense of Contribution An important for-argument of democracy is that the people attain a sense of involvement in the process of choosing their administration for their Nation. They acquire the opportunity to speak out their observations and views by the process of voting. This gives rise to a feeling of belonging to the people and they also feel as if they belong to the society and can contribute towards its betterment. Having an upper hand during war time: A leading research by Ajin Choi (affiliated by the International Studies Quarterly 2004, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea), says that democracies execute better in the time of war than non-democracies, that is they are more likely to win wars than non-democracies. The author (Ajin Choi) points this chiefly to the simplicity of the policies, and the constancy of their inclinations, due to which they are better able to deal with their partners. Avoidance of famine: Followers of democracy quite freely quote the famous economist,  Amartya Sen, who believed that no operating democracy has ever managed to damage a large scale  famine  to affect its people. Disadvantages of Democracy: Until quite recently, conformist beliefs have believed that economic progress or development, predictably and with rapidness leads to democracy. Even though reality does show that almost all of the developed and rich countries of the world are democratic. But reality also shows that, the relationship between economic development and democracy is actually quite weak. The increasing number of prosperous non-democratic countries advocates that great wealth single-handedly doesnt involuntarily direct to more political liberalization. This is proved by the economic success of China and other non- democratic states in Asia. Wrong choice can be made In democratic countries, it is the ordinary person who has the ultimate right to decide their parliament and their current powers to be. Also all people are not conscious of the political circumstances of their nation. The people may not also be up to date of the political issues in their country. This can lead to a wrong decision of voting to the wrong party by the citizens. Hitler was rightly elected through democratic elections; though later he turned into a Fascist. This shows how a political leader could play with the emotions of people into blackmailing them to vote for him, ultimately misleading them into making a wrong choice. Government May Lose focus The government is bound to changes and adjustments once they are elected or re-elected, it may operate with a short-term purpose. As governments have to go through the method of election once their tenure ends and have to re-elected, they may lose focus on operating efficiently for the people and give attention to winning the elections. Masses Have Power Since majority has power- there can be a tyrannical rule of the majority which ultimately works against the minority. It has been proved by a research made by World Bank that though USA is a popular democratic country with loads of power and is one the most affluent and developed country, domestic inequality is largely seen. A huge countrywide score on the  human development index  (HDI) is partnered by the differences in health, education, and income amongst the various ethnic sets. In USA, almost every state has an  infant mortality  which is greater for the African-Americans then for local white people. Citizens might vote in favor of a party under pressure of the masses, because of the influence of people around them and because of their opinions, and end up making the wrong judgments. Though democracy tries to prevent discrimination and supports collaboration and harmonization. It also slows things down, stops those in power from committing an action that is against the majoritys wish.

Bullying Essay -- Papers

Have you ever bullied or been bullied? If you have bullied or been bullied then you should know how bullying feels like. Bullying is very negative and creates major problems for our society. Nothing good comes out of bullying. It could very well change or ruin a person’s life. In fact, it does ruin many people’s lives. Kids can be mentally scarred if they are teased often. Even worse, they could be killed or fatally injured if the bullying gets extreme. There are many causes for bullying which must be taken care of before bullying can be stopped. T.V. violence, families in poverty, and mis-teachings are just several of the many serious causes for bullying. Bullying must be stopped or prevented no matter how long it will take, it is a deeply concerning matter. Bullying does not always have to be childish play, it can be extremely violent. People may be bruised, injured, or even killed. Kids under bad influence may turn very violent. Parents, relatives, friends, T.V., music and pictures may all influence people, especially when they are depressed or are in a lowered...

Essay --

Kyra Joray Joray 1 Curtis English 10H 10 March 2014 The Serial Killer Mind â€Å"We never really grow up, we only learn how to act in public.† Bryan White once said. Basically White is saying, childhood is a very fragile state and as a kid you’re learning social norms by what’s around you. Kids born into or raised around strange situations can affect the type of person they grow up to be. As an adult, you learn more about the logical way to act around other people and how your mind works. Certain experiences can alter the way a mind functions, and can result in a human lacking logical consent. Some people may seek guidance to control any urge they may experience while others chose to act upon their feelings. Once any violence is pursed, a criminal is born. A criminals mind makes different choices, ignoring whatever right or wrongs a normal person would know. This unhealthy brain can make a killer, whether they are mission oriented and kill to accomplish a mission, are hedonistic and seek thrill and pleasure, or are visionaries and kill because of an illness from birth altering...

My special place

From a dictionary’s point of view, the beach is defined as â€Å"an expanse of sand or pebbles along a shore (Random House 57).† Understandably, the dictionary is a reference that primarily aims to define the meaning of words as objectively as possible. This short essay is written to prove that a beach is more than just nature’s gift that comes with sand, shells and pebbles.Millions of people across the world frequent the beach especially in summertime. People of all ages, shapes and sizes, hit the beach for many reasons. Perhaps it’s to get a tan, spend time with friends, or engage in surface water sports like surfing, wakeboarding or sailing. To countries, its white sand beaches are income-generating tourist destinations. To some animals, a beach is their natural habitat. And surely to some people, like me, a beach can be significant for a lot of reasons. For me, the beach is my special place.The beach has been many things to me, a few of which were alre ady mentioned above. But the very reason why I have called the beach a special place is because it has been my companion when I need time to be alone. Ironic, it may seem, to seek companionship when one wants to be alone. But the beach can be the reliable companion you can always run to that you’re sure won’t turn you away. It is where I engage in silent conversation with the familiar sound of the waves.While breathing in its salty fragrance, nothing brings me closest to its nature than when my feet are submerged beneath the sand, knee-deep in white foamy bubbles that are naturally born as waves die on the shoreline. The wind blowing from unknown ends of the earth that shuffles my hair envelopes me with a coolness that seeks no immediate warmth. As I stand there alone in my thoughts, there grows in me a gratifying sense of freedom and peace that no other place can give to me. Not a coffee shop, a mall, nor any other refuge I could easily run to.The most visible photogr aph of the beach I have on my mind is the glowing face of the setting sun staring back at me as I squint into the horizon. It is a sight reminiscent of couples riding away into the sunset, of lovers’ silhouettes warm in each other’s embrace. As the day fades away into dusk, the beach turns into a hue of midnight blue that can only be magnified in glory under a shining full moon. Staring up to a blanket of stars, I visibly recall silly wishes made when I was small, of cows jumping over the moon, and of shooting stars that disappear into the night sky.With the wondrous things the beach has to offer, it doesn’t come as a surprise that many couples choose to get married on the beach with the promise of the never ending waves of love. More than the sanctuary it provides to sea animals, more than the treasures it hides for the children to explore, and more than the leisure it offers to people who come to unwind, the beach inspires me. For the very reason that it is wh ere nature meets with man, leaving him with a personal experience that takes him far away from the hustle and bustle of everyday living.   In its simplicity, the beach is that very special place that has constantly reminded me of the complex beauty of nature.Retiring someday in a house by the beach is something not far from what I consider doing. Possibly with a dog to play fetch every morning and stocked up with bottles of sun block as I intend to laze around the rest of the day. Whether with hundreds of other people around or just by myself on the beach, that’s where you can surely find me.I’m sure I couldn’t have portrayed it better than the Baywatch producers, but there is definitely one thing we agree on†¦life really is a beach.REFERENCES:â€Å"Beach.† Def.1. Random House Webster’s Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1996.

History †French Revolution Essay

I truly believe it was the collective effect of all the causes of the French Revolution that finally caused the people to rise up. In 1789 the people of France were suffering under the rule of Louis XVI, who used the countries money to provide him and his family the most luxurious life imaginable, while the people starved. The political regime of the time was a absolute monarchy (regime in which the country is ruled by a King or Queen, who inherit this position and has absolute power), but in theory there was a form of parliament, Estates General that consisted of elected representatives. This group of people could only meet if the King allowed or requested the meeting and in the 175 years of the parliament’s existence there had not been a single meeting. This fact frustrated the people because the King did not take their opinion and needs in consideration. Louis XVI would do as he pleased, a clear example of that was placing people in jail for no absolute reason except maybe his dislike for them. During the 18th century France was in a number of wars leaving the country with a lot of debts. In 1780’s the country had to borrow more money simply to pay interest (the amount of money paid on the money borrowed) on their debts. The royal family had a lifestyle the country could not support because only the lower classes were taxed, the peasants (people who worked on the land), while the higher classes, clergy (the religious leaders, individuals that worked for the roman catholic church, ex: priests) and the nobles (entities with a high social rank, ex: Ladies and Lords) did not pay tax at all. In other words the tax system needed a urgent reform (improvement). The social structure was horribly unfair. It was divided in three groups that were called â€Å"Estates†. The first estate was the Clergy, the people who belong to this estate worked for the Roman Catholic Church, which was at the time the main religion in France. At this specific stage in time the church owned a lot of land and most of their high officials were extremely wealthy. The Nobles formed the second estate. They were given many special rights and privileges. The third estate was made up of 98% of the people. This estate was where all the peasants, middle class traders and all kinds of professionals (ex. Lawyers). They paid heavy tax and had absolutely no privileges at all. Above all the estates was the King and his family with the absolute power. â€Å"It was the collective effect of all the causes of the French Revolution that finally caused the people to rise up. † History Essay Lara Ismael Nogueira Martha  For many centuries people in the whole of Europe accepted the authority of both their Kings and the Roman Catholic Church, a clear example of that was the â€Å"Divine Right of Kings† (this concept simply means that people believed their Kings and Queens were a representation of God and had to be respected and adored as such). Finally during the 18th century many philosophers started questioning these ideas. These period was called the Age of Enlightenment because the people began to question the old ways, led by the church, and created their own. Science had great advances during these times because everything was new, there was something to be discovered everyday†¦ it was at this point that Theocentrism (God in the center of the universe) was put aside and gave room for a complete new way of thinking and living, Anthropocentrism (man in the center of the universe). Diderot was a clear example of a philosopher that question the church and made his opinion well known. He was the leader of a group made up of philosophers that called themselves the â€Å"Encyclopaedists†, they’re goal was to write a series of books called â€Å"Encyclopaedia† (books that contained all existing knowledge). As they began to write the books they became more and more aware of the situation in France. They made their books public, therefore everyone could read them, this act helped spread the revolutionary ideas more than they already were. As the popularity of the Encyclopaedia grew so did the need for individual opinions. Another great example was Rousseau he was the true star, known as the father of democracy, he believed in equality among the people, and wrote about rules that weren’t based or chosen by God but by the people. This was the basic principles of democracy. In May of 1789 the representatives formed the National Assembly and met outside Paris against the Kings will and started a process of reform. They vowed to continue working until they had drawn up a new constitution for the country. However the process was very slow and the people of Paris grew impatient, the bread prices were constantly rising and the unemployment rate grew. On the 14th of July of 1789 angry people invaded the Bastille, killed the governor also some of the soldiers who tried to stop them and freed prisoners. When the news of the takeover reached other parts of France the ordinary people revolted and just like that the revolution started. â€Å"It was the collective effect of all the causes of the French Revolution that finally caused the people to rise up. † History Essay Lara Ismael Nogueira Martha In conclusion all this events such as the rise of bread prices and the unemployment rate in the country, the lack of interest the King showed for his people’s needs and the unfairness between classes made the people of France stand up for all they believed they deserved and needed.

The Chronic Condition of Hispanic High School

IntroductionThe release of the 2010 U.S. Census consequences last month revealed a altering face for the state. Driven by the 43 % growing of both Hispanics and Asians over the past decennary, cultural minorities will go the new population bulk in the following 30-40 old ages ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 ) . Unfortunately, what has non changed is the dismaying high school dropout rate for Hispanics. Since the 1970s, the Latino dropout rate has been systematically among the worst of all population groups, top outing every bit high as 35 % , to a recent depression of 18.3 % in 2008 ( National Center for Education Statistics [ NCES ] , 2010 ) . This rate is more than twice that of African Americans and about three-times higher than Whites and Asians. Although other cultural minority groups have made important advancement over the past three decennaries, Hispanics continue to stay at the really underside of the instruction ladder. The literature cites many grounds for the inordinate Latino dropout rates ( a ) hapless English accomplishments making linguistic communication barriers with instructors and school functionaries ; ( B ) economic factors ; many Latino households live in poorness and need pupils ‘ income ; ( degree Celsius ) fewer function theoretical accounts ensuing in minimum mentoring chances ; ( vitamin D ) challenges linking with instructors ( linguistic communication, civilization, etc. ) which makes pupils experience unwanted and causes them to lose involvement ; ( vitamin E ) big per centum of Spanish americans are migratory workers and hence, a more transeunt population ; and ( degree Fahrenheit ) parents deficiency of engagement in their kids ‘s educational development. Although the articles reviewed in this survey determined that many factors contributed to these hapless consequences, they do n't concentrate on a individual, major cause for the inordinate dropout rates. Alternatively they conclude that all of these elements, or some combination of them, impact Latino pupils ‘ desire to go forth school early. The literature does propose nevertheless that a important, if non the most of import, ground for dropping out is the concluding factor listed above, the absence of Latino parents ‘ engagement in the pupils ‘ larning procedure. Unfortunately, there is non adequate research on why Latino parents are non every bit involved as other groups, so farther analysis is needed. Since this seems to be a less reviewed country, I have decided to look deeper into the issue and research possible grounds why Latino parents do non take part in their kids ‘s schooling. This is an of import subject because household is cardinal to the Latin o civilization. Children are near to their households and to the communities they live in, so more parent engagement can be a important measure in assisting with the keeping of these pupils. Additionally, I believe utilizing the model from Hofstede ‘s Model of Cultural Dimensions for measuring civilizations may assist explicate grounds why Spanish americans are non more involved in their kids ‘s educational activities. More specifically, it appears that the power distance value dimension of national civilization could be a factor that prevents Hispanics from concentrating on instruction to better their place in society. Power distance describes the extent to which less powerful members of a society ( like the household ) accept and expect that power in establishments and organisations is distributed unevenly. This behavior suggests that a civilization ‘s function of inequality is endorsed by both the followings and the leaders. A high evaluation on power distance means that big inequalities of power and wealth exist and are tolerated in the civilization, as in a category or caste system that discourages upward mobility. A bulk of the Hispanics who immig rate to the U.S. to seek work are from Mexico which has a really high evaluation in the power distance cultural dimension. In fact, Mexico is ranked in the top five of high power distance states in the universe ( Robbins & A ; Judge, 2010 ) .Significance of StudyThis issue is important because U.S. demographics are altering dramatically in this state. Hispanics represent one of the fastest turning sections of the population. Harmonizing to the 2010 Census Brief, the Hispanic population was about 50.5 million, which was about 16 % of the overall U.S. population of 308 million ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 ) .The figure of Hispanics has grown about 43 % since 2000, and accounted for about 55 % of the entire state ‘s growing during that same ten-year period. This is more than five times the growing rate of the entire population of 9.7 % . If the current tendency continues, the population of the United States will lift to about 438 million in 2050, with Hispanics trebling in size and accounting for most of the state ‘s population growing. At that clip, the Latino population is estimated to be around 127 million or approximately 29 % of the entire U.S. population ( U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 ) . With schools shortly to be overburdened with this enormous growing of Latino pupils, the United States has no pick but to turn to the high school dropout crisis for two major grounds. First of wholly, the economic cost both existent and possible is reeling. Over their life-times, high school dropouts earn about $ 400,000 less, have higher unemployment rates, and poorer wellness than alumnuss. The dropouts from the Class of 2008 alone will be the state more than $ 319 billion in lost rewards and over $ 17 billion in Medicaid and expenditures for uninsured wellness attention over the class of their life-times ( AEE, February 2009 ) . The 2nd ground is the dropout crisis could impact the state ‘s position as a universe world power. With Hispanics and other cultural minority groups going the bulk of the U.S. population in the following two decennaries, the possible exists for an undereducated work force which may non be able to vie in a planetary economic system, particularly with the increased focal point on engineering. The intent of this exploratory survey is to place possible grounds for Latino parents ‘ deficiency of engagement in their kids ‘s acquisition procedure which contributes to excessive high school dropout rates and to besides find if it can be explained by Hofstede ‘s Model of Cultural Dimensions.Reappraisal of the LiteratureThere is no inquiry that pupils play the primary function when doing the determination to drop out of high school, but for the intents of this survey, the chief focal point was on outside influences to the job. Although the major purpose of this paper is to look at grounds for parents ‘ deficiency of engagement in their kids ‘s instruction, the literature exposed different subjects which were grouped into three dropout factors: ( a ) environmental, ( B ) school system, and ( degree Celsius ) parental engagement. These classs will be looked at shortly, but first it is necessary to find if the d ropout rate is every bit high as advertised. Many statistics segregate U.S. born dropouts from foreign born, state of beginning or generational degree. Fry ( â€Å" High School Dropout Ratess, † 2003 ) states that calculating dropout rates for Hispanics is a convoluted procedure because every bit many as 33 % are foreign born, and their states of beginning have much lower rates of secondary school completion than the U.S. As a consequence, many are non academically prepared to come in U.S. high schools, so they struggle and finally drop out, or in some instances ne'er enroll. Furthermore, Fry points out that many of these immigrants have really limited spoken English abilities and most do non derive English eloquence until age 16. By that clip, they are so far behind they face hopeless odds of catching up and either voluntarily bead out, or stop up meeting age restrictions that force them out. In a follow-up survey by Fry ( â€Å" Hispanic Youth Droping out of U.S. Schools, † 2003 ) , he concluded that the sum Hispanic high school dropout rate of 21 % published in 2000, was overstated. This resulted from the chunking together of three subgroups of Latino young persons ( a ) the native Born, ( B ) foreign-born who attend U.S. schools, and ( degree Celsius ) foreign-born who emigrate chiefly for employment and do non inscribe in U.S. schools. When the first two classs are examined individually, the rate becomes 15 % . Although this is well smaller, it is still twice every bit high as the dropout rate for comparable non-Hispanic Whites. Almost all growing in the figure of U.S. teens over the following 20 old ages will be Latino, so it is imperative that this negative tendency is reversed. Despite how the dropout per centums are sliced and diced, the bottom line is if Latino young persons are populating in the United States, irrespective of class, they all need to be co unted towards the overall dropout rate so that the job can be addressed as a whole. The following measure is to look at the subjects that developed in the literature.Environmental Issues that Contribute to the Dropout RateReyes ‘ ( 1993 ) survey followed up on low and high hazard Hispanic high school pupils a twelvemonth after their expected graduation rate. She found that low-risk pupils completed school at a much higher rate than high hazard pupils. She so looked at one of the major grounds that lead to school failure for immature Hispanics ; specifically, their exposure to legion nerve-racking life events which places them at high hazard for dropping out. For illustration, their vicinities may see higher than mean offense rates, unemployment, drugs, packs, adolescent gestations, public assistance dependence, etc. As a consequence, these pupils sometimes have a more hard clip seting to a school environment. This could take to inordinate absenteeism, hooky, and an eventual tr ansportation to dark school or a Graduate Equivalency Diploma plan. The nerve-racking life events besides influence household determinations to relocate which contributes further to the instability of pupil ‘s academic public presentation. Whether traveling out of province or back to their state of beginning, parents relocate kids who are sing behavioural jobs at place or school and take them out of the nerve-racking environment, particularly if the kids get involved with packs or drugs. Unfortunately, it appears that parents ‘ engagement with their kids ‘s instruction, irrespective of environment, could hold been a finding factor as to whether that kid graduated or non. Perreira and Harris ( 2006 ) considered assimilation theories as a possible subscriber to high school dropout rates. The Straight-Line hypothesis predicts cultural differences will decrease over clip as immigrants are acculturated into society. Therefore, the first coevals will hold the highest dropout rates, the 2nd coevals will hold the following highest, and each subsequent coevals will hold less than the old. The Accommodation or Selective Assimilation hypothesis predicts the exact opposite educational flight as the straight-line attack. Harmonizing to this theory, as immigrant young person assimilate with their U.S. Born equals, they lose the protective qualities of cultural cultural norms instilled in them by their parents. As a consequence, this theory predicts that first-generation young person will hold the highest degrees of academic accomplishment and lower dropout rates, whereas second-or higher coevals young person will hold the lowest degrees of academic accomplishment and the highest dropout rates. Consequences of this survey revealed that first-generation Latino immigrants graduated from high school at higher rates than their parents, but these initial additions in educational attainment relation to their parents decreased in the 2nd coevals. By the 3rd and higher coevals, Latino young persons had higher dropout rates than their parents. This determination does non match with straight-line assimilation theory, but alternatively provides strong support for the selective and metameric assimilation hypothesis. Sterns and Glennie ( 2006 ) studied a group of 9th and 10th class dropouts in North Carolina and discovered that Latino pupils have the highest early dropout rate among all cultural groups. The deductions can hold negative effects for persons throughout their lives. On norm, high school dropouts are less likely to be employed than other grownups, have poorer mental and physical wellness, a greater likeliness of perpetrating condemnable Acts of the Apostless, and a higher likeliness of going dependant on public assistance and other authorities plans than people with higher educational attainment. Much of the Hispanics ‘ high dropout rate can be traced to disadvantages in socioeconomic position, household construction, and negative academic experiences. The writers determined the undermentioned grounds for dropping out: ( a ) academic jobs, ( B ) subject, ( degree Celsius ) employment, ( vitamin D ) household issues, ( vitamin E ) transitory life style, and ( degree Fahrenheit ) terra incognita. The job with this survey is â€Å" unknown † ground histories for 58 % of the overall sample. Until these grounds are known, bar plans can non be established to run into pupil demands.School System Related Issues that Contribute to the Dropout RateHarmonizing to Martinez and DeGarmo ( 2004 ) , many school systems around the state are non prepared to turn to the demands of an progressively culturally pluralistic pupil population. As a consequence, Latinos are overrepresented in samples of households at hazard for hapless behavioural and mental wellness jobs, and their dropout rates are three times greater than white non-Latino pupils. Research associating socialization with school success for Latino childs has shown that factors such as recent in-migration and limited English proficiency increase the hazard of dropping out for Hispanic pupils. Latin american parents besides reported more barriers to engagement in their kids ‘s school than non-Latino pare nts. Additionally, Latino parents besides had more trouble assisting with prep and Latino childs reported less handiness of societal support than non-Latino childs. A important determination revealed that academic encouragement by parents and school staff members served as a cardinal protective factor in advancing school success for Latino young persons. In shutting, the writer suggested that instructors and decision makers need to be better equipped to cover with progressively diverse schoolrooms. For illustration, they need to increase their expertness in diverseness, derive entree to culturally inclusive course of study stuffs, and be willing to accommodate standard stuffs when such multicultural course of study is unavailable. More significantly, they need to develop intercession schemes to affect parents and heighten their abilities to advance success for their kids. A survey by Christle, Jolivette, and Nelson ( 2007 ) examined dropout rates in Kentucky high schools utilizing both quantitative and qualitative processs. The findings reflected that attending rates were negatively correlated with dropout rates in this survey. This determination supports the observation that pupils who feel a sense of belonging and connexion with the school are less likely to drop out. Additionally, the cultural background of the pupil organic structure was related to dropout rate in this survey ; the higher the dropout rates, the lower the per centum of white pupils. Furthermore, 46 % of Black and 39 % of Latino pupils attended schools where graduation is non the norm. Teachers are besides an of import beginning of societal capital for pupils. Teachers in low dropout schools showed involvement in the pupils, had sufficient support from decision makers, and made positive relationships a high precedence in the schoolroom. Finally, dropping out of high school is non an unprompted action, but instead a cumulative procedure. Unsuccessful school experiences, such as academic failure, class keeping, absenteeism, behaviour and subject jobs, and transportations from one school to another physique on one another to finally estrange the pupil from school. By placing differences between high schools with high dropout rates and low dropout rates, schools can implement policies and processs to prosecute pupils and ease their success. Rodriguez ( 2008 ) discovered that the Hispanic dropout rate in some big urban countries reached every bit high as 50 % . Looking for a solution, the Governor of Puerto Rico expressed involvement in utilizing a popular hip-hop instrumentalist to turn to the issue of school abandonment. However, he was extremely criticized because of the wordss of the music and the fact that the instrumentalist was a high school dropout himself. However, the of import point of the survey was that the Governor recognized the power and connexion between popular civilization and immature people. Unfortunately, the Numberss of Latino high school alumnuss are non maintaining up with the altering demographics. Therefore, it is clip for originative thoughts such as this one to happen solutions. But what precisely is doing this persistent job? A survey by Valenzuela ( as cited in Rodriguez, 2008 ) , shows there is a correlativity between certain hazard factors and graduation. For illustration, Latinos whose p arents do non complete high school and go to barrio-schools in southern California have a 50 % opportunity of gaining a high school sheepskin. Additionally, more and more school related incidents are being referred to the condemnable justness system and school-level disciplinary processs such as belated policies are lending to the dropout sums. Unfortunately, schools ‘ belated policies lock out pupils who truly necessitate to be in school and sends a message to them that the school does n't desire them at that place. The writer believes utilizing advanced techniques such as hip-hop music to heighten acquisition could maintain marginalized pupils in school. Since traditional methods are non working, it is now clip to look for non-traditional attacks.Parental Involvement Issues that Contribute to the Dropout RateRumberger and Lim ( 2008 ) identified two factors that have a strong bearing on whether pupils graduate from high school ( a ) single features of pupils, and ( B ) insti tutional features of their households, schools, and communities. Within the former class, the writers found that pupil battle both academically and socially and educational outlooks are the most of import determiners for remaining in school. Conversely, high absenteeism and working more than 20 hours per hebdomad correlated to higher dropout rates. The latter class of institutional factors such as household and schools can besides be strong forecasters of graduating or dropping out. Populating with both parents and more household resources resulted in lower dropout rates. More significantly, rearing patterns such as holding high aspirations for their kids, supervising school advancement, and pass oning with the school are strong subscribers to higher graduation rates. This is the type of parental engagement needed to change by reversal the negative tendency of Hispanic dropouts. Stern ( 2004 ) discusses the consequences of the 2002 White House Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanics appointed by President Bush to assist cut down the high school dropout rate. The committee ‘s study stated that Latino parents were non adequately involved with their kids ‘s instruction. Ironically nevertheless, the support was cut to plans that help Latino parents larn how to acquire connected to the acquisition procedure. The National Council of La Raza ( NCLR ) is disbelieving about the study which they felt offered no substantial recommendations. They besides dispute the averment that Latino parents do non take portion in their child ‘s instruction. However, what NCLR failed to see was the fact that parents may acquire involved, but this does non intend it is effectual battle. You can do a kid make his or her prep, but without the proper aid, that prep may non be right. One of the disposal ‘s enterprises was the â€Å" Yes I Can † ru n. Its web site promoted literacy consciousness for parents. Unfortunately, there were likely merely a little per centum of Latino parents who had entree to computing machines or had some degree of proficiency in utilizing them. Two other points were made in the article to assist better the low dropout rates ( a ) rise teacher outlooks of Hispanics, and ( B ) better instructor preparation. Although raising teacher outlooks and preparation may assist, they are non the job. Teachers can merely make so much in the schoolroom but it is up to the parents to take over one time the childs get place. Without effectual engagement by at least one parent, Latino pupils will go on to fight, lose involvement, and non recognize the importance of instruction until possibly it is excessively late. Nesman ( 2007 ) identified the undermentioned factors as subscribers to student dropout rates: ( a ) pupil attitudes and behaviours, ( B ) household features, ( degree Celsius ) societal environments, ( vitamin D ) school constructions and policies, and ( vitamin E ) employment/career chances. Findingss in this survey revealed that negative interactions with school functionaries and deficiency of support for advancement in school as cardinal to dropping out. Negative interactions includes limited sum of clip or attempt in working with Latino pupils compared to other pupils, looks of low outlooks, and prejudiced subject. Lack of caring among parents, described as limited support and communicating about school, was besides named as a major subscriber to pupils ‘ determinations to drop out. However, pupils were speedy to support households supplying grounds such as long working hours and household state of affairss such as divorce or separation due to migration. The survey besides suggested that a household ‘s deficiency of experience with instruction reduces the sum of support they can supply for kids. On the other manus, the actions of lovingness and supportive grownups were mentioned as intercessions that encouraged pupils to go on seting attempt into school. The writer besides pointed out features of plans that are successful with Latino populations. These include regard for cultural backgrounds, high-quality course of study and staff, tutoring and mentoring with successful and caring function theoretical accounts, household and community engagement, and native linguistic communication support along with English linguistic communication development. Harmonizing to a Pew Research Center study, the biggest ground for the spread between the value Hispanics topographic point on instruction and their aspirations to complete school appears to come from fiscal force per unit area to back up a household ( Lopez, 2009 ) . About 74 % of all 16- to 25-year-old study respondents who cut their instruction abruptly during high school say they did so because they had to back up their households. Other grounds include hapless English accomplishments, a disfavor of school, and a feeling that they do n't necessitate more instruction for the callings they want. When asked why Latinos on norm do non make every bit good as other pupils in school, more respondents in the study incrimination hapless parenting and hapless English accomplishments than blasted hapless instructors. More than 61 % say a major ground is that parents of Latino pupils do non play an active function in assisting their kids win and about 58 % property it to limited English acco mplishments of Latino pupils. These parents do non deliberately disregard their kids, but because most of them ne'er graduated themselves, they do n't cognize how to assist their kids win. This is an country where parent engagement can do a difference. By promoting kids to remain in school alternatively of dropping out to work, Latino households can put in their hereafters instead than settle for short-run pay-offs. Unfortunately, it is a hard pick to do for households populating at or below the poorness degree. A Pew Hispanic Center study, â€Å" Latino Teens Staying in High School: A Challenge for All Generations † ( 2004 ) , stated the national Latino high school dropout rate of 21 % is more than twice the national norm at 10 % . A important ground attributed to the high dropout rate was less than favourable household fortunes and the communities in which they reside. Almost 10 % of Latino teens are non populating with a parent, more than twice the rate for white teens. Parents can frequently be an of import beginning of motive and information that promote high school completion. Merely 51 % of Latino kids have female parents who themselves have finished high school, in comparing to 93 % of white kids. Without a stable place environment and parents who can put a positive illustration or aid with school assignment, these marginalized pupils will go on to stay at a disadvantage compared to their equals. Chrispeels and Rivero ( 2001 ) did an exploratory survey on the consequence of immigrant parents ‘ sense of topographic point in their kids ‘s instruction after they attended a series of parental categories. These parents were given the chance to larn about the American educational system by go toing classs offered by the Parent Institute for Quality Education ( PIQE ) . The first determination from the survey was that parents indicated they had trouble assisting their kids with prep, particularly when the prep was in English. Delgado-Gaitan ( as cited in Chrispeels & A ; Rivero, 2001 ) found in her survey of Latino households that â€Å" parents were intimidated by the linguistic communication barrier posed by an all-English prep course of study. This bullying is a distancing factor in the parent-child relationships, which is important to a supportive system for kids. † Even if parents had the desire to assist, it was non possible because they could non read or un derstand the assignment. Another ground given by parents for non assisting with prep was that many worked, had several other kids, and small clip to help with prep. These working parents were anticipating the after-school plans to help the kids with completion of their prep so that when they got place they did non hold to worry about it. The PIQE classs enabled parents to derive consciousness of the benefits of prep and how they could supervise what the kid is larning. Additionally, parents learned it is of import to learn kids to give precedence to schoolwork and that giving the clip could convey satisfaction and a sense of achievement. The concluding result was increased parental engagement in the kid ‘s instruction, both at place and school. In decision, the survey suggests that it is possible for parents to develop higher degrees of battle with their kids, schools, and instructors. As they learn what is required for success in school, parents can put more specific ends for their kids. Kaplan, Turner, and Badger ( 2007 ) explored grounds for Latino misss ‘ elevated hazard for dropping out of high school. They focused on the relationships between their female parents and friends, academic accomplishment, grade of socialization, household environment, self-esteem, depression and ability to get by with emphasis to find if they had an influence on their attitudes about school. The literature revealed that Hispanic male childs and misss are three times more likely to drop out of high school than white or African American teens. This may ensue from school patterns such as differential intervention, low outlooks, and the school ‘s hapless communicating with parents of Latino teens sing their kids ‘s advancement every bit good as household force per unit areas. Latino misss ‘ perceptual experience of lower instructor support and higher household emphasis resulted in lower self-pride, disfavor of school and higher depression. Furthermore, De Las Fuen tes and Vasquez ( as cited in Kaplan, Turner, & A ; Badger, 2007 ) found that differential degrees of socialization appear to make parent-child struggle which has a peculiarly negative consequence on misss. Girls in peculiar are fearful of displeasing their parents as they try to absorb into American civilization. The consequences of the survey determined that a miss ‘s perceptual experience of mutualness with her female parent affected her attitude toward school. Girls who felt that their female parents were involved, understanding, and antiphonal to them were more likely to bask school and have higher overall classs. Not merely did the research confirm the importance of the mother-daughter relationship and its consequence on school accommodation, but it besides identified the demand to offer parental preparation to further this mutualness, and train instructors to be more cognizant of the effects of civilization. In decision, the literature explored many of the obstructions Latino pupils face in schools today. These barriers affect both their ability and desire to finish high school. There were three common subjects found among the barriers that contributed to the high dropout rates ( a ) environmental factors, ( B ) grounds built-in in the school system itself, and ( degree Celsius ) deficiency of parental engagement in instruction. The last component of parent engagement was looked at more closely to find grounds for deficiency of battle in kids ‘s acquisition procedure, and more significantly, to see if there is a possible connexion to Hofstede ‘s theoretical account of cultural dimensions. The undermentioned list summarizes some illustrations from the literature of Hispanics parents ‘ barriers to engagement in their kids ‘s instruction: trouble supervising pupils ‘ advancement and minimum communicating with the school ; rawness with educational systems ‘ policies and processs ; they do non cognize how to successfully step in since many are non graduates themselves ; unstable place environment and inability to supply positive educational function theoretical account ; trouble assisting kids with prep because of course of study and linguistic communication barriers ; small clip due to economic demand to work longer hours and other kids in the family ; outlooks that after-school plans will help kids with prep ; and different degree of socialization than their kids which can make a parent-child struggle. This list may assist explicate grounds for parents ‘ deficiency of engagement, but they do non reply the deep-seated causes for this type of behaviour. Could this be something immigrants brought with them from the old state and passed on from coevals to coevals? Possibly Hofstede ‘s power distance index from his Model of Cultural Dimensions can assist cast some visible radiation. As stated earlier, power distance measures the distribution of power and wealth between people in a state or civilization and seeks to show the extent to which ordinary citizens submit to authorization. Latin states, such as Mexico, with high power distance values rely on authorization figures to do determinations and clearly separate the functions of authorization figures from those governed. The line between ordinary citizens and those of higher societal position is seldom crossed, and fraternisation between the categories is frowned upon. Since most of the Latino immigrants were portion of the lower socioeconomic degrees in their native state, many may experience they can non alter their position in this state. As a consequence, it is possible they believe they are destined to stay in the same societal category and base on balls this attitude on to their childs. This type of self-fulfilling prognostication can be the major ground why Latino parents do non acquire involved in their kids ‘s educational development. Table 1 displays the grounds for parents ‘ deficiency of engagement and their position when viewed from a Hofstede power distance index lens. Table 1 Reasons for Non-Participation Viewed from Hofestede ‘s Power Distance Index Parents ‘ Reason for Lack of Participation Parents ‘ Point of View When Applying Hofstede ‘s Power Distance Index for Country with High Power Distance Value Trouble supervising pupils ‘ advancement and minimum communicating with school Not our topographic point to inquiry authorization, the disposal will guarantee pupils are having everything they need. Inexperience with educational systems ‘ policies and processs Rules and Torahs are made by the people in charge and they will guarantee schools do the right thing. Do non cognize how to successfully step in because many are non graduates themselves Parents do non prosecute or face, particularly with school functionaries. We understand and accept our function in society. Unstable place environment and inability to supply positive educational function theoretical account Family environment is unstable because of physical separation caused by work or in-migration. It is our fate in life to struggle-it is expected. Trouble assisting kids with prep because of course of study and linguistic communication barriers We can non understand the course of study or linguistic communication, but do non oppugn or inquire for aid. We assume the governments will step in if necessary. Small clip to assist pupils due to the economic demand to work longer hours. Besides many other kids in the family to look after It is more of import for households to take attention of life ‘s basic demands than to be concerned about unrealistic dreams of utilizing instruction to alter our societal position. Expectations that after-school plans will help kids with prep The authorities will take attention of educational demands and anything else they consider of import. They have their function and we have ours which is merely to work and take attention of our households. Parents have different degrees of socialization than their kids which can make a parent-child struggle Our childs are non following the proper ideals. They try to act like Americans, but they are non Americans. Their roots are Latino and they can non feign to be something else. The literature clarified many of the obstructions that Latino pupils have faced in U.S. schools, but there is non adequate accent and research on parental engagement in their kids ‘s educational promotion. This analysis revealed that the Hofstede theoretical account can be applied to this instance, but farther probe is still needed in this country. Possibly a more elaborate scrutiny comparing other facets of parents ‘ behaviour to GLOBE, Hall, or Kluckholn ‘s dimensions will assist impart support to this survey. The U.S. must acquire serious about turn toing the unacceptable Latino high school dropout rate job. During the following coevals, this nationality will go the largest minority group in the state. Without a solid educational foundation, Hispanics will stay in low-wage occupations and at the threshold of the poorness degree. The lone feasible solution to change by reversal this negative tendency is for parents to acquire involved in their kids ‘s instruction. Possibly they need to listen more, aid with prep, and emphasize the importance of instruction more frequently. As evidenced by the research, the actions of caring and back uping grownups encouraged pupils to set forth excess attempt in school. Unfortunately, many Latino parents do non cognize how to acquire involved so possibly it is clip for the authorities to step in. More support for plans such as the Parent Institute for Quality Education ( PIQE ) classs will assist parents derive an apprehension of the importance of in creased engagement in the kid ‘s instruction. By assisting parents develop higher degrees of battle with their kids, schools, and instructors, each wining coevals will larn what is required for success both in school and in life.